Biodiversity Study in a Sample
Identify Organisms Present in an Environment
The study of biodiversity in a sample involves analyzing all organisms present in a given environment.
Thanks to molecular biology methods, it is possible to identify the species that make up a biological community from their genetic material.
This approach allows for exploring the diversity of a microbiological ecosystem and better understanding the composition of an environment, whether it is an environmental, biological, or food sample.
Why Analyze the Biodiversity of a Sample?
Biological diversity analysis can address various scientific or technical issues, particularly for:
- identifying organisms present in a sample,
- characterizing the composition of a microbial community,
- evaluating the microbiological quality of a sample,
- comparing biodiversity between several environments or experimental conditions.
These analyses provide a global overview of the species colonizing an environment and help identify potential variations in the composition of biological populations.
An Analysis Adapted to Each Environment Studied
The analysis strategy depends on several parameters:
- the type of environment analyzed (soil, water, living organism, biological sample),
- the desired level of precision in species identification,
- the number of samples to compare,
- the expected biological diversity in the sample.
Based on these elements, different analysis methods can be combined to best characterize the biodiversity present.
How to Study the Biological Diversity of a Sample?
Biodiversity study relies on the analysis of DNA present in the sample. Genetic fragments from different organisms are isolated and then analyzed to determine their origin.
Genetic Analysis of Microbial Communities
DNA extracted from a sample often contains sequences from many different organisms.
The study of these sequences allows for identifying the species present and estimating their representation within the biological community.
High-Throughput Sequencing and Microbiome Analysis
High-throughput sequencing (NGS) approaches allow for simultaneously analyzing a large number of DNA fragments from different organisms.
This approach is particularly suitable for the study of the microbiome, which refers to all microorganisms present in a given environment.
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